Railway-tie



PATENTED FEB. 23, 1904.

A. M. BOWMAN.

RAILWAY TIE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27, 1903'.

N0 MODEL.

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UNITED STATES Patented February 22, 1904.

PATENT- OFFICE.

ARTHUR M. BOWMAN, OF BELLEVUE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TOCHARLES M. CLARKE, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

RAILWAY-TIE.

SPECIFICATION forming ar. of Letters Patent No. 752753, dated February23, 1904.

Application filed April 27, 1903. Serial No. 154,384- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ARTHUR M. BOWMAN, a citizen of theUnited States,residing at Bellevue, in the county of Allegheny andState ofPennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inRailway-Ties, of which the following is a specification, reference beinghad therein to the accompanying drawings, forming partof thisspecification, in which Figure 1 is a view inside elevation of myimproved tie, showing the rails in place. Fig. 2 is a plan view of thetie- Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of one end of the tie and rail bearingand fastening device, partly in section. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectionalview on the line IV IV of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a plan view of Fig. 3, therail-key and key-plate having been removed. Fig. 6 is an end view of thetie, showing the bearing-plate resting on the upper surface. Fig. 7 is adetail perspective view of the key-bearing plate. Fig. 8 is a similarFig. 9 is a de- Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the tieprovided with protecting-coverings for the key-holding anchors. Fig. 11is similar view showing a further modified form of holdinganchor screwedinto a nut embedded in the tie.

My invention relates to composite railwayties; and it consists of a tiemade of cement, concrete, or other similar substance having an inclosingsheathing or reinforcing surrounding shell, preferably slightly embeddedin the materialof the tie, extending approximately throughout its lengthand adapted tov confine and protect and to firmly hold the entire massof the structure in one integral piece.

It is well known that concrete structures or bodies acquire greatstrength and capacity to resist strains of different kinds, and I haveutilized these qualities and features with a view to providing a solidand durable tie,with

means for providing rail-bearings and holding elements at a minimum ofcost.

Referring to the drawings, 2 is a body of concrete or similar materialadapted to harden and set to any desired form in a suitable moldingdevice, with which is incorporated a metallic sheath 3, of expandedmetal, wire-netting, or any other suitable material which is adapted tothe purpose and having the required confining strength. The sheathing isdesigned to surroundthe mainbody of the tie, as shown, from one end tothe other, a thin outer coating of the concrete covering the sheathingalong the sides, top, and bottom to protect it from moisture. It may,however, be entirely on the outside, if desired, and I do not desire tobe limited to the exact construction or aring, providing a bonding holdbetween the concrete and the sheathing, and abutting against the innersurface of the mold, pressure being exerted by any suitable tamping orcompressing means.

Various means may be incorporated with the tie for providing bearingsfor the rails and for securing them in place, and I have shown a plate4, which is either partly embedded in the concrete at each end on theupper side of the tie or which may merely rest on the top surface, asshown in Fig. 6. The plate is provided with openings 5 for theholding-bolts and at each end with upwardly-extending flanges 6,providing end bearings for the securing-keys 7. The holding anchors orstaples 8 are embedded in the concrete, either in the operation ofmanufacture or separately, being of inverted-U form or otherwisesuitably formed to give a good binding or anchoring hold. Theseholding-anchors maybe of varying forms, as shown in the various detailsviews, and I donot desire to be limited to any special or particularconstruction, as. it is evident that various forms or means for securingthe rail in position may be used with good resultsas, for instance, aholding-anchor having a hook-terminal.

With the form of construction shown in the principal figures of thedrawings I prefer to use under-supporting key-plates 9, adapted to fitover the holding-staples upon the plate 4 and to bear against the edgesof the railflanges. An advantage of these plates is that they may bemade in varying widths to suit varying dimensions of rails, thuspermitting of a standard dimension between the holdingstaples, which isof advantage in making the ties of uniform sizes and types. The platesalso give good bearing for the holding-keys.

If desired, the holding meansmay be in the form of bolts passed throughthe tie and held by nuts, as in Figs. lOand 11, inwhich case i I preferto provide armored openings by using hollow sections-l0, as of pipe,thus permitting of easy removal orrenewal of the holdingbolts.If'desired, however, a single bolt 8", provided with an upperkey-eye'll, may be secured by a nut embedded in the tie, as in Fig. 11,thus permitting the bolt to be screwed out and renewed. The anchors maybe of the form shown in Fig. 9 or of modifications of such general type.The upper end of the bolts may also be provided with nuts and anysuitable clamping devices adapted to engage the flanges of the rail. 1

Various other changes or modifications may be made in the details ofconstructionor. in the shape, design, proportions, or other features ofthe invention by the skilled mechanic without departing from it; but allsuch are to be considered as within the scope of the follow- 1 ingclaims. a

What I claim is 1. A railway-tie consisting of a body portion ofconcrete or cement, and a reinforcing surrounding sheathing incorporatedtherewith immediately under the surface of the tie, substantially as setforth.

2. A railway-tie consistingof a body portion of concrete or cement, anda reinforcing surrounding sheathing of flexible metalincorporatedtherewith immediately under the surface of the tie, substantially as setforth.

3. A railway-tie consisting of a body portion of concrete or cement, anda reinforcing surrounding sheathing of flexible metal having open spacesthroughout its body portion,

incorporated therewith immediately under the surface of the tie,substantially as set forth.

4. A railway-tie consisting of abody portion of concrete or cement and areinforcing surrounding sheathing incorporated there with immediatelyunder the surface of the tie, with bearing members for the rails,substantially as set forth.

5. A railway-tie consisting of a body portion of concrete or cement anda reinforcing surrounding sheathing incorporated therewith immediatelyunder the surface of the tie, 1

and holding devices for the rails incorporated with the tie,substantially as setforth.

6. A railway-tie consisting of a body portion of concrete or cementhaving a.reinforc ing surrounding sheathing,rail-bearing plates, andrail-holding anchoring devices embedded in the body portion of the tieand provided with upwardly-projecting terminal openings,

substantially as set forth.

7.. A railway-tie consisting. of a body portion of concrete or cementhaving areinforcing surrounding sheathing, rail-bearing plates, andrail-holding anchoring devices embedded inthebody portion of the tie,projecting upwardly through said plates, and rail-holding devicesincorporated with the plates and the anchoring devices, substantially asset forth.

8. A railway-tie formed of concrete or ce- 'ment provided with anchoringdevices embedded in the body of the tie, and'having upwardly-projectinglooped portions extending above the tie, substantially as set forth.

9.. A railway-tie formed of concrete or cement provided. with anchoringdevices embedded-in the'body of the tie and having upwardly-projectinglooped portions, withrailbearing plates provided with clearance-openingstherefor, substantially as set forth.

10. A railway-tie formed of concrete or cement provided with anchoringdevices embedded in the body of the tie and having upwardly-projectinglooped portions, with railbearing plates provided withclearance-openings therefor and retaining-flanges, and railholdingdevices incorporated with said elements, substantially as set forth.

11. A railway-tie formed of concrete or cement provided with anchoringdevices embedded in the body of the tie and having upwardly-projectinglooped portions, with railbearing plates provided withclearance-openings therefor,and rail-holding keys and under-bearingkey-plates incorporated with said devices, substantially as set forth.

12. A railway-tie formed of concrete or cement provided withanchoringdevices having enlarged heads embedded in the body portion ofthe tie, and upwardly-projecting holding extremities provided withopenings extending beyond the upper surface of the tie, substantially asset forth.

13. The combination with a railway-tie of the character described, ofanchoring devices consisting of inverted-U-shaped elements embedded inthe body portion of the tie, and having their closed retaining-portionsprojecting lfipwlardly above the same, substantially as set ort i 14.The'combination with a railway-tie'of .the character described, ofanchoring-bolts :provided with securing-nuts embedded in the bodyportion of the'tie, andhaving upwardlyprojecting key-holding terminaleyes, substantially as set forth.

15. The combination witha railway-tie of the character described, ofanchoring devices having upwardly-extending looped terminals embeddedinthe tie, surrounding protectingarmors therefor, and means for holdingsaid ing the rails to the tie, substantially as set anchoring devices inplace, substantially as set forth. :0 forth. In testimony whereof Iaflix my signature in 16. A railway-tie consisting of a solidconpresence of tWo Witnesses. tinuous body of concrete or cement, aflexible ARTHUR M. BOWMAN. reinforcing metallic sheathing incorporatedWitnesses: therewith, superimposed rail-bearing devices, J AS. J.MGAFEE, and means embedded in the cement for secur- U. M. CLARKE.

